Monday, December 12, 2016

The Other Wise Man

The Story of the Other Wise Man
Henry van Dyke
as told (more or less) by Dad

Introduction for my Children


            “The Story of the Other Wise Man” has been a traditional story included in the Schofield Christmas Family Home Evening for several years.  The first time I heard it though, was when my mother told the story at church.  I was a young boy at the time, struggling in my own mind to find the true meaning of Christmas.  But, it was when I heard my mother tell the story that I came a little closer to understand.  I had not heard the story again until our Christmas in Los Alamos when Grandpa Schofield asked me to tell the second half of the story in the Family Home Evening.
            As I read the story in preparation for Family Home Evening I concentrated on learning the details of the story because I did not want to have to read it.  I am not sure if I got the details right or not, but as I told the story, it came alive to me.  I saw Artaban in my own mind as if I was having the dream that Van Dyke was telling.  Ever since that time when I recount the story I remember it as though it was my own dream.  Remember, however, that it is only a story.  It is not a true story, but the message is as truthful as eternity is long.

The Story


I

            Everybody knows the story of the three wise men, how they traveled to take their gifts and worship the new Christ child.  This is the story of the Other Wise Man who also saw the star and spent a lifetime following where it led.
            I first met Artaban in the Hall of Dreams, a place in the heart.  I saw him in his palace near the mountains of Persia.  He stood at the gate welcoming his friends to his home as they came one by one at his invitation to hear him speak of something he had discovered.  After they arrived they sat around a fire that danced in the night.  Once again he welcomed his nine guests who were all dressed in traditional clothing of nobles.
            “I have asked you to come this evening to invite you to come on a journey with me.  Three other friends of mine and I have looked to the stars and the wonders in heaven.  We have also read the books of prophecy in which the future is foretold in words that are hard to understand.  The words of the prophecy and the stars in heaven tell us that a miracle is about to happen.  A king is to be born who will come out of Israel and he will save all mankind.  I have sold all my possessions and have taken the money and purchased these.”
            Artaban reached inside his vest and removed a small leather bag and opened it.  He then poured out three precious stones into his hand—a sapphire, deep blue as the dark of night; a ruby, red as the red of fire; and a pearl, white as the fresh fallen snow.
            “A new star will appear in the heavens, and when it does, my companions and I will meet to travel together across the desert.  The signs in the heavens tell me that the time is near.  Come with me that you too, can worship this King of the Jews.”
            One by one his friends told him that he was silly to search after a king that would come from the Jews, or that they were too old to make the trip, or had businesses that they could not afford to leave.  One by one, they had a reason why they could not follow until Artaban stood alone with his father.
            “My son, it may be the light of truth that you follow or it may be a hollow dream.  But, it is better to follow the shadow of the best than to remain content with the worst.  I am too old for this journey, but my heart shall be your companion.  Go in peace.”
            Artaban now stood alone.  The embers of the fire now were a but a dull glow in the dark.  As he looked into the heavens in deep thought he spied the glimmer of a new star.  The time had arrived.  Artaban must now make his journey.

II

            Vasda, Artaban’s faithful horse, seemed to sense his master’s excitement.  For the next ten days they would travel over 500 miles to meet the other Magi.  It was a long and dangerous trip and they would have to pace themselves carefully to make the distance on time.  There would be no time to spare if they were to meet at the appointed temple on time.
            On the last day of the journey, Vasda was tired and weak.  Artaban and Vasda could easily have stopped to rest, but they were only three hours away from the Temple of the Spheres and they had to be there by midnight in order to make the journey across the desert with Artaban’s friends.  As they traveled on, Vasda seemed to sense danger off to the side of the road.  He carefully moved forward, prepared to take his master to safety.  As they pressed on, Artaban saw the form of a man off to the side of the road.  He lay on the ground and was dressed as one of the poor Hebrews who was in exile.  Artaban dismounted and walked closer to the man.  He was taken with fever and deathly ill.  Artaban supposed he would die in the night and started back to his horse.  As he turned, a hand reached up and grabbed Artaban’s robe.  He then heard a plea for help.
            Artaban was a gifted Magi and was skilled in the healing arts.   He thought of his duty to heal but thought that if he lingered only an hour that he would miss his appointment with his fellow travelers.  They would leave him behind believing that he had given up on the trip and he would miss seeing this new king of the Jews.  “God or purity and truth, tell me what I should do.”  Artaban then pulled his healing herbs from his cloak and gave the dying man water and sat and ministered unto him through the night.
            Much past midnight, the Hebrew awakened and asked his healer who he was and what he was doing.  Artaban answered the man, telling him that he was in search of the new Christ child, the King of the Jews.  The man, much stronger now said, “I have nothing to repay thee for making me whole.  I can tell you only this.  Our traditions say that this king of the Jews will be born not in Jerusalem, but in Bethlehem.  May the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob guide you safely there.
            Artaban and Vasda left the man in the care of an innkeeper and rushed towards the temple, but the morning rays of the sun told him that he was much too late to meet with his friends.  When he arrived at the temple he saw that he was right.  His fellow travelers had left, but had left a note under a rock for Artaban.  “We have waited as long as we can.  We press forward and hope you can join us.”
            Artaban was stunned.  There was no way that he would be able to make the journey alone.  He must sell the sapphire for a train of camels and supplies to make the trip across the desert alone.

III

            As Artaban traveled across the desert his heart was filled with guilt as he had taken one of the gifts for the newborn Messiah and sold it for provisions to cross the desert.  Still, he had two gifts remaining and perhaps the king would find those gifts acceptable.
            Artaban arrived in Bethlehem three days after the other three wise men had brought their gifts to the child of Mary and Joseph.  But, they had already gone and he was left alone to find the Christ child and present him with his ruby and pearl.  As he searched the streets for someone to give him directions he sensed an unusual quiet.  Finally, he heard a voice of a young mother singing to her crying baby.  He knocked on the door and was met by the young woman.  He told her why he was there and she replied, “Three days ago three men came from the east bearing gifts to a child who was born.  Angels sang at the child’s birth and shepherds came to pay tribute to the child, but just as quickly as they came, they disappeared so into the night.  Joseph and Mary fled from the town and have gone to Egypt.  Ever since then, there has been a spell upon the city and something evil lingers here.”
            Artaban stood in despair as he thought how he had missed giving his gift to the child.  As he stood in the doorway, he heard a terrible clamor from the streets of the city.  Suddenly, there were soldiers marching through the streets with bloodied swords.  Mothers ran screaming through the streets as the soldiers ransacked the homes, killing all the newborn children.  Artaban turned to the young mother and sent her to the back of the house to keep her child still.  Soon, the captain of the soldiers approached the house and Artaban stood in the doorway blocking his entrance.  “Step aside!” commanded the soldier.
            “There is no child here,” replied Artaban, then reached into his purse and pulled the ruby from it.  He stretched forth his hand and said, “This is the precious gift for the prudent captain who passes and leaves this house in peace.”  The captain of the guard turned to the soldiers and commanded, “Move on.  There is no child here,” then snatched the ruby and marched on.
            Artaban stood alone in the doorway, now trembling.  “What have I done?  I have spoken an untruth, though it was to save the life of a child.  But, now I have lost two of the gifts for the King of the Jews.  What ever shall I do?  How will I ever be worthy to see thy face?”
            But the tearful voice of the young mother spoke, “Because thou hast saved the life of my child, may the Lord bless thee and keep thee; the Lord make His face to shine upon thee and be gracious unto thee….”

IV

            I followed Artaban in my dreams as he traveled through the years looking for the Christ child.  Everywhere he went it seemed that people needed his healing powers.  There were those in need—those who were hungry and thirsty or cold in the night.  There were others in prison, alone.  Each time after he stopped he would learn that he had just missed seeing this great King of the Jews.  Still, he journeyed on in hopes of giving his final gift to the Messiah.
            Thirty-three years had passed since he began his journey.  His hair was now pure white, his eyes were tired, and he was slow in his walk.  He knew his time on earth was short as he made his journey once again into Jerusalem.  It was the time of the Passover and there were many strangers in the town, but there seemed to be a certain agitation among the people there.  Soon he saw a crowd of people moving towards the outskirts of town.  He joined them in their movement and asked a stranger where they were going.
            “Haven’t you heard?  We are going to Golgotha where two famous robbers are to be crucified along with another man called Jesus of Nazareth.  This Jesus has done many great works among the people, but the elders say he must die because he claimed to be the Son of God and King of the Jews.”
            The words sank deep into Artaban’s heart.  Could it be that this is the king he had sought for over three decades?  His heart pounded as he thought on his final gift.  Perhaps his visit to the King of the Jews had been delayed all these years so that he might ransom him with his remaining gift—the pearl.  Quickly, Artaban pressed onward to Golgotha to rescue Jesus with his gift.

V

            As Artaban moved with the crowd he saw a troop of soldiers dragging a young girl with a torn dress and disheveled hair.  As he looked down at her in compassion she broke a hand free and reached up to him and threw herself at his feet.  “Have pity on me.  I am a daughter of the true religion which is taught by the Magi.  My father was a merchant and has died and I am being sold as a slave to pay his debts.  Save me from a fate worse than death.”
            Artaban trembled.  It was the same dilemma that he had faced before.  It was the conflict between the expectation of faith and the demonstration of love.  Twice before he had been called upon to spend the gifts for the Messiah in the aid of others. Was this his great opportunity or his final trial?  Only one thing was certain.  To ignore the plea from the young girl would indeed be a fate worse than death.  To rescue her would be a true act of love.  But, what of the Messiah?
            Slowly, he reached into his leather pouch and pulled from it the pearl.  Over the years the pearl had taken on a luster of the sapphire and ruby that had once been its traveling companions.  In his hand he held the ransom for the King or the girl.  He could not save both.  He handed it to the soldier in charge and commanded him to release the girl.
            As he spoke the sky began to darken and a terrible groan came from the earth.  The walls of the buildings began to tremble and rocks fell to the earth.  Dust filled the air and the soldiers ran in terror.  Artaban and the young girl huddled together next to a wall for safety, but a falling tile struck Artaban on the temple, knocking him nearly unconscious. 
He lay breathless with his head resting on the shoulder of the young girl.  She thought Artaban appeared to be listening to something, but could not tell what it was.  His lips trembled, then moved to form words.  “No, no, it is not true.”
Still, the young girl could not hear the other voice, but knew that Artaban was surely talking to someone other than her.  “Not so, my Lord: For when saw I thee an hungered and fed thee? Or thirsty, and gave thee drink?  When saw I thee a stranger, and took thee in?  Or naked, and clothed thee?  When saw I thee sick or in prison, and came unto thee?  Three-and-thirty years have I looked for thee; but I have never seen thy face, nor ministered to thee, my King.”
He ceased his speech, and now the young woman heard a voice in the distance, sweet and pure as caroling music.  Now she understood the words:
“Verily I say unto thee, Inasmuch as thou hast done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, thou hast done it unto me.”

A calmness came over Artaban’s face.  There was a long, last breath.  His journey was over.  His treasures were accepted.  The Other Wise Man had found the King.

Saturday, December 10, 2016

Fairness of the Electoral College

The Electoral College presents us with some rather fascinating presidential election results especially as one looks at those results in comparison with popular votes and winners and losers.  Our 2016 election has many asking the validity of the Electoral College.  There is likely to be angst when a candidate loses by a narrow margin, but when one wins the popular vote but loses the Electoral College anger, though fueled by misunderstanding, is probably justified.

The 2016 presidential election results are not without precedence.  Twice in history we have seen the popular vote-getter lose the Electoral College.  In 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes (R) won only 48.47% of the popular vote but won the Electoral College by attaining 50.1%, and thus the presidency (4,034,311 popular votes to Samuel J. Tilden’s [D] 4,288,546 popular votes).  Then of course most of us remember the 2000 General Election when George W. Bush (R) attained only 49.74% of the popular vote but won the presidency with 50.47% in the Electoral College (50,455,156 popular votes to Albert Gore, Jr. [D] 50,992,335 popular votes).  Incidentally, one could reasonably ponder upon the effect of third-party candidates on popular votes in individual states and the resultant impact they have on the electoral vote.
 


Table 1
Presidential Elections where Electoral College Votes were Greater than Popular Vote
 


Year
President
Percent Popular Vote
Percent Electoral College
1876
Rutherford B. Hayes
48.47%
50.1%
2000
George W. Bush
49.74%
50.47%
2016
Donald J. Trump
48.97%
56.88%


It is worth noting here that there was one time in our history that a presidential election was not determined by popular vote or by the Electoral College.  In 1824 neither John Quincy Adams nor Andrew Jackson received a majority of the Electoral College votes to win the presidency.  One-hundred, thirty-one (131) Electoral College votes were required to win.  John Quincy Adams had received 84 Electoral College votes and Andrew Jackson received 99 of the 131 votes needed.  Adams also receive 113,122 popular votes and Andrew Jackson received 151, 271 popular votes.  There were a sufficient number of Electoral College votes that went to William Harris Crawford (41) and Henry Clay (37) to prevent either Adams or Jackson to claim victory.  Therefore, the Twelfth Amendment came into play and the election was handed over to the House of Representatives, which selected Adams as the President of the United States.

Andrew Jackson (D) was not to be denied the Presidency.  His turn would come in 1828 and again in 1832.  It is the 1832 election that will serve as our first example of how a lopsided victory can be attained by means of the Electoral College.  See Table 2.  In this election, Jackson won 59% of the popular vote defeating Henry Clay (N-R) in the Electoral College with nearly 82% of the electoral votes.  In 1844 James K. Polk (D) won 50.12% of the popular vote and 61.82% of the electoral vote, defeating his opponent Henry Clay (W).  Then there was the election of 1864 wherein Abraham Lincoln won only 55% of the popular vote but won nearly 91% of the electoral votes.

In 1892 Grover Cleveland (D) won 50.13% of the popular vote, defeating Benjamin Harrison (R) with 65% of the electoral votes.  Franklin Roosevelt (D) won 59% of the popular vote in 1932 but won 89% of the electoral votes, defeating Herbert Hoover (R).  Roosevelt followed that victory in 1936 by winning 27,757,333 votes (nearly 62% of the popular votes) over Alfred M. Landon (R) who received 16,684,231 and took just 8 electoral votes.  Franklin did it again in 1940 by taking almost 54% of the popular vote, but defeating Thomas Dewey (R) by taking over 81% of the electoral votes.

Lyndon Johnson (D) in 1964 pulled in 61% of the popular vote over Barry Goldwater (R) but took in a whopping 90% of the Electoral College.  And of course we have Barack Obama (D), who in 2012 only took in 52% of the popular vote but won the election over Mitt Romney (R) by taking in nearly 62% of the electoral votes.
 


Table 2
Sample of Percentage of Popular Votes vs. Percentage of Electoral College Votes
 


Year
President
Percent of Population
Percent of Electoral Vote
Opponent
1828
Andrew Jackson (D)
56.19
68.20
John Quincy Adams
1844
James K. Polk (D)
50.12
61.82
Henry Clay
1864
Abraham Lincoln (R)
55.03
90.99
George B. McClellan
1892
Grover Cleveland (D)
51.74
65.64
Benjamin Harrison
1932
Franklin Roosevelt (D)
59.16
88.89
Herbert C. Hoover
1936
Franklin Roosevelt (D)
62.46
98.49
Alfred M. Landon
1940
Franklin Roosevelt (D)
55.00
84.56
Wendell L. Wilkie
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson (D)
61.34
91.33
Barry M. Goldwater
2012
Barack H. Obama (D)
51.96
61.71
Mitt Romney

 

Over the last 49 presidential elections since the 1824 presidential election between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, 54.81% of the popular vote went to the winner while 71.62% of the Electoral College votes went to the winning candidate.  (Popular vote data were not available prior to the 1824 presidential election.)

Perhaps it is the thinking that the electoral votes should be in proportion to the popular votes that disturbs everyone.  By the way, the examples given here are merely examples of many of the elections we have endured through our history.  While there are a few elections that appear somewhat proportional between the popular vote and the electoral vote on the surface, not a single one is, and most are wildly out of proportion.  Anyway, it may be the thinking that electoral votes should be in proportion to the popular vote that is unsettling with many.  Essentially, what proponents of a proportionate relationship are saying is that the majority should rule.  Depending upon who you listen to, the Founding Fathers were wise in setting up the Electoral College in guaranteeing that a majority not trample on the minority (consider Tocqueville’s thoughts on majority rule and minority rights). 

Another way to look at it is that ten states have more than 50% of the total U.S. population.  If we had a majority rule, these ten states could be the tail that wags the dog.  They could decide the fate of the other 40 states again and again.  Where, one might ask – or should ask, the fairness is in this arrangement.  But, it doesn’t happen because these ten states have a total of 236 electoral votes in a system that currently requires 270 electoral votes of the 538 votes available to win.
 


Table 3
Ten Most Populous States and their Electoral College Votes
 



State
Population
Electoral Votes
1
California
37,253,956
53
2
Texas
25,145,561
36
3
New York
19,378,102
27
4
Florida
18,801,310
27
5
Illinois
12,830,632
18
6
Pennsylvania
12,702,379
18
7
Ohio
11,536,504
16
8
Georgia
9,687,653
14
9
Michigan
9,883,640
14
10
North Carolina
9,535,483
13
Total

166,755,220
236
Total US

308,745,538
538
10 State % of US Population and Electoral College
54.01%
43.87%


Note that these 10 states make up 20% of the total number of states in the Union.  Making up 54% of the total U.S. population creates a scenario where these states could always determine the outcome of a presidential election, leaving the other 80% of the states without a voice and thus negating the doctrine of states rights.  By using the Electoral College a presidential candidate must garner electoral votes from other less populous states in order to win.  Likewise, it makes it nearly impossible to win the presidency by not capturing at least some of these ten states.

The Electoral College is not the only example in government that we have relative to majority rule vs. minority rights.  In order to avoid the “tyranny of the majority”, a three-fifth vote is required to end a senate filibuster.  Such a supermajority gives ear to the minority.  Of course this does not absolutely guarantee the right for the minority to be heard, but it requires 60% of that body to bring an end to a filibuster.  The other thing that recognizing minority rights is that it encourages parties to work together.  One never knows as a majority member when you will end up in the minority.  Keep in mind Madison’s observation that in a pure democracy decisions are not always decided by “the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority.”  Everyone has heard the history lesson given by John Adams that democracies self-implode.

Remember that we have two houses of congress.  The President can veto legislation passed by both the House and the Senate, but two-thirds of those bodies can override that veto.  Minority rights are further protected (to some extent) in the way we amend the Constitution.  The Constitution requires a two-thirds vote of both Houses and three-fourths of the state legislatures to amend the Constitution.  While not perfect, at least some protection is guaranteed the minority population by requiring such an overwhelming majority to amend the Constitution.  Otherwise, 50.1% could always rule the roost.  I am not a proponent of abortion rights; however, consider this as a safety valve in the way we function as a nation when it comes to such issues as a woman’s right to have an abortion.

Perhaps the ultimate protection of minority rights is the Bill of Rights.  While we tend to ask questions such as why the police don’t just run in and do their job or how in the world a judge could dismiss charges against a person on a technicality when a person is clearly guilty, people tend to appreciate those minority protections when they are faced with the police at their door.


The Founding Fathers were painfully aware that a pure democracy would lead to the same oppression that we had fought to get out from under.  This should be evident not only by the creation of the Electoral College, but also the inclusion of the Bill of Rights into our Constitution, how amendments are added to that document, and how bills may become (or not become) laws.  It just might be wise to sit back and take a look at the big picture before any serious move is made to do away with the Electoral College.